Monday, September 29, 2008

World`s Highest Paid young CEO`s

Topping the list of highest paid CEOs is 43-year-old Nabeel Gareeb of Pakistani origin, CEO of chipmaker MEMC Electronic Materials since April 2002 with a total compensation package of $79.6 million. Gareeb joined MEMC as CEO in April 2002. Gareeb's appointment came after Texas Pacific Group purchased the company from its German owners in 2001 and recapitalised the business. Prior to joining MEMC, Gareeb was the Chief Operating Officer of International Rectifier Corporation, a leading supplier of power semiconductors, where he was responsible for worldwide operations, research and development and marketing. He joined International Rectifier in 1992 as Vice President of Manufacturing and subsequently held other senior management positions. Gareeb immigrated to US from Pakistan more than 25 years ago. He holds an MSc in engineering management, and a Bachelors in electrical and electronic engineering.



Second on the list is Nvidia Corporation co founder Jen-Hsun Huang. Huang founded graphic chip maker in April 1993 today commands a pay packet of $45.9 million. He has being President, Chief Executive Officer, and a member on Nvidia's Board since its inception.

Under his leadership, Nvidia emerged as a leading name in programmable graphics processing technologies and one of the semiconductor industry's largest fabless companies.

Huang also serves on the Rand Corporation's Board of Trustees and is a member of the Committee of 100, an organisation that addresses issues concerning the Chinese-American community and US-China relations.

Prior to founding Nvidia, Huang held engineering, marketing and general management positions at LSI Logic, and was a microprocessor designer at Advanced Micro Devices.

Huang holds a BSEE degree from Oregon State University and an MSEE degree from Stanford University.



Jonathan Schwartz, chief executive officer and president of Sun Microsystems is the third highest-paid young tech CEO with an annual package of $13.5 million. A member of Sun's board of directors, Schwartz became company's CEO in 2006, succeeding the Sun's co-founder and current chairman of the board, Scott McNealy.

Schwartz was promoted to president and chief operating officer in 2004, and managed all operational functions at Sun -- from product development and marketing, to global sales and service.

A leader behind many of Sun's open source and standard setting initiatives, Jonathan's been an outspoken advocate for the network as a utility with more than just value for the computing industry -- but as a tool for driving economic, social and political progress.

Prior to his position as COO, Schwartz served as Sun's executive vice president for software, its Chief Strategy Officer, and held a variety of leadership positions across product and corporate development.

He joined Sun in 1996 after the company acquired Lighthouse Design, where he was CEO and co-founder. Prior to that, Schwartz was with McKinsey & Co. Schwartz received degrees in economics and mathematics from Wesleyan University.



Forty-four-year old electronics engineer from Hyderabad, Shantanu Narayen, became Adobe's CEO last year. His annual compensation is at $12 million.

Narayen joined Adobe in January 1998 as Vice President and General Manager of Adobe's engineering technology group. In January 1999, he was promoted to Senior Vice President, Worldwide Products and in March 2001 he was promoted to Executive Vice President, Worldwide Product Marketing and Development.

In January 2005, Narayen was promoted to President and Chief Operating Officer of Adobe. Prior to joining Adobe, Narayen co-founded Pictra Inc in 1996.

Together with the ex-CEO Bruce Chizen, Narayen spearheaded the $3.4 billion acquisition of Macromedia Inc in 2005, expanding Adobe's software platform and solutions and strengthening the company's presence in key markets ranging from enterprise and vertical industries to mobile devices and multimedia publishing.

Narayen is a frequent speaker at industry and academic events. He serves on the Advisory Board of the Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley.

Narayen holds a bachelor's degree in electronics engineering from Osmania University in India, a master's degree in computer science from Bowling Green State University, and a master's degree in business administration from the Haas School of Business.



At no. five is CEO of Expedia Dara Khosrowshahi with a total compensation package of is $4.9 million.

Founded as a division of Microsoft in October 1996, Expedia was spun off in 1999. The company was later purchased by USA Networks in 2001.

The 39-year-old Khosrowshahi became CEO of Expedia when it spun off from IAC/InterActiveCorp (IAC) in August 2005. He joined IAC in 1998 as vice president of strategic planning. Prior to this he worked at Allen & Company LLC from 1991 to 1998, where he served as vice president from 1995 to 1998.

Khosrowshahi received a BA in engineering from Brown University in 1991.




At no. six is thiry-nine-year old Francisco D'Souza, president and chief executive officer of Cognizant. D'Souza who has been the company's President and CEO since January 2007 has an annual compensation package of $3.7 million.

Prior to this he was the Chief Operating Officer for Cognizant's global delivery, marketing and sales, business development and client services operations. He has also led the company's North American and European operations.

Earlier, Francisco held key positions at The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation in marketing, strategic planning and new business development in Germany, US and India.

Born in Kenya, he has Bachelors degree from the University of East Asia. He has also done MBA from Carnegie-Mellon University.

Wednesday, September 24, 2008

What is Melamine?

What it looks like?

Side effects?
Description?

Product Description

Commodity: Melamine

Formula: C3N6N6
Molecular Weight: 126.12

Appearance: White powder
Melamine content: 99.8% min
Moisture: 0.1% max
PH Value: 7.5-9.5
Ash: 0.03% max
Kaolin Turbidity degree: 20% max
Color (Pt-Co): 20 max

Molecular structure?


Use: Mainly used for manufacturing melamine-formaldehyde resin. It can also be used in decorative laminates, arminoplastics, adhesive agents, coatings and used as a paper-reinforcing agent, textile auxiliaries, cement water-reducing agent and leather retaining agent etc.


USED FOR MANUFACTURE OF,

WHEN USED IN LIKE THIS ONE,


MILK OF HUMAN CRUELTY
THE RESULTS,
Always make sure milk is melamine free!!!

Google`s Android Powered cellphone-TMoile G1


As if it wasn't enough to be the world's largest search engine, Google is set to take over the mobile phone market with its mobile operating system, called Android.

The first phone that harnesses Google Inc.'s ambition to make the Internet easy to use on the go was revealed Tuesday, and it looks a lot like an iPhone.

T-Mobile USA showed off the G1, a phone that, like Apple Inc.'s iPhone, has a large touch screen. But it also packs a trackball, a slide-out keyboard and easy access to Google's e-mail and mapping programs.

T-Mobile said it will begin selling the G1 for $179 with a two-year contract. The device hits U.S. stores Oct. 22 and heads to Britain in November and other European countries early next year.

The phone will be sold in T-Mobile stores only in the U.S. cities where the company has rolled out its faster, third-generation wireless data network. By launch, that will be 21 cities, including New York, Los Angeles, Houston and Miami.

In other areas, people will be able to buy the phone from T-Mobile's Web site. The phone does work on T-Mobile's slower data network, but it's optimized for the faster networks. It can also connect at Wi-Fi hotspots.

The data plan for the phone will cost $25 per month on top of the calling service, at the low end of the range for data plans at U.S. wireless carriers. And at $179, the G1 is $20 less than the least expensive iPhone in the U.S.

Android, the free software powering the G1, is a crucial building block in Google's efforts to make its search engine and other services as accessible on cell phones as they already are on personal computers. The company believes it eventually might make more money selling ads that get shown on mobile devices than on PCs, a channel that will generate about $20 billion in revenue this year.

Both Yahoo Inc. and Microsoft Corp. also are investing heavily in the mobile market in hopes of preventing Google from extending the dominance it enjoys in searches initiated on PCs.

Source:www.huffingtonpost.com

Sunday, September 21, 2008

Do it Myself Clutch Repair


DO IT MYSELF CLUTCH TROUBLE REPAIR

Car: Toyota Corolla 1.6LE

SYMPTOMS: Started difficulty in shifting into 1st gear. But as time passes the difficulty of shifting to 1st gear became severe and it eventually impossible to move your stick to 1st gear. Result? Stalled car, but one immediate action just move your car into a safe place and free from towing was to stop the engine then shift into 1st gear then start the engine. Eventually the car will move and you can parked it into a safe location. You must take precaution, light up your emergency light or hazard light, make sure no vehicle before you because starting at first gear will make your car run too fast, put ur hand always at the key, stop engine if there is an obstruction, and use brake and handbrake if necessary. These tips are for emergency purposes only. Never try if you don`t know what i`m talking but none the less it will help avoid costly towing services.

I have brought the car to the a mechanic but unfortunately misdiagnostic happen sometimes even for veteran mechanic. What they did was to change the clutch assembly (release bearing, disk,cover etc). But after replacement, I test it and still experienced same trouble and symptoms. Since my vehicle was stalled near home I decided to repair it myself since I have idea what was the trouble. It was Sunday and a great oppurtunity to learn something since I have no other activity for the day. Also will able to save costly repair and services. The trouble? I suspect that the main causes is either master clutch cylinder or slave/secondaryclutchcylinder/baby master. So I have a little stretching then began my Do It Myself Repair.

First I check the baby master cylinder. I wasn`t able to take shot of my actual repair due to dirt,grease and oil in my hand. I have no assistant during my little Do It Myself. But I have shots after and just make little labeling on it:


Here location of slave/secondary clutch cylinder. Notice it was mounted in transmission block.


T
o check the inner piston and parts(plunger) for damage of the secondary/baby master cylinder.
Do the following instruction.

1. Remove or loosen boot cover shown above. If there a fluid in it. 100% defective inner parts. Your inner piston/parts need replacement.
2. If there is no leak, no need to check further. Your baby master is in good condition and you have to check main master cylinder instead.
3. If there is leak, replace your inner parts or buy unit assembly same as above.
4. But to save cost of replacing with new one, buy repair kit instead. Either Seiken or FIC brand repair kit will be enough. Banawe or C.M. Recto will be great place to buy this parts.
5. To replace parts, Loosen the bolt #1 and 2. This will unmount the baby master.
6. Remove the inner parts by pumping once of the clutch pedal.
7. That will force the piston and cylinder inner part out of the casing.
8. Replace it with your replacement parts. Replacement parts will have spring and piston.
9. Re install cylinder with already placed replacement parts.
10. And that`s it, you have completed your do it myself baby master repair procedure.
11. Congratulate yourself. You achieve once in a lifetime simple achievement that was not your job.

Check main master clutch cylinder. Refer to location below.

You can not easily remove the master cylinder assembly.
To do this, you have to loosen the brake master/booster assembly simply because you can`t pull it out without moving a little bit the brake assembly.
As shown above, you have to pull it backward. To do this,

L
oosen the bolt fixing the brake HVAC/booster to chassis. Loosen until you are able to pull out the clutch assembly.
To pull out master clutch assembly, you have to loosen and remove the 2 fixing bolts holding it under the dashboard. See below pics.

Also loosen the adjustment bolt and fixing bolt # 2 (not shown).

You have to consider also the loosening of all connected copper tubing prior to pull out.

Once you pulled out the master cylinder assembly. It was easy to replace the inner parts or master plunger with replacement parts. Rule is "what you remove you have to replace." Seiken or FIC brand replacement parts will do good. But in my case, i use FIC but there is leak in the connecting rod until now. I have to observe it then will make some action later.

Repair kit parts will be look like this.

Worth P200.00 at masangkay

Here is the exact parts and number of what i bought for the toyota corolla.
Last part of the repair will be how to bleed the system. Here is how.
1. Put brake (DOT3) fluid in the reservoir.
2. Ask someone to pump the clutch pedal. It should be past.
3. Ask to pump it by flooring it 6 times.
4. Make the 6th pump stroke to make it steady at floor or fully pressed and hold it floored.
5. Open the bleeder bolt to release air and fluid.
6. Repeat procedure until fluid/no air bubbles was clearly coming out of it.
7. Tighten bleeder and fill up full fluid reservoir with DOT 3 brake fluid.Close cap and clean.
7. Congratulate again yourself for a job well done.

Hope this help for anyone who have the same experience as mine.
A wise spend weekday for me.

ramilcvaliente.blogspot.com

Sunday, September 14, 2008

TOP TEN RICHEST PEOPLE OF THE WORLD

Warren Buffet
Net Worth: $62.0 billion
Fortune: self made
America's most beloved investor is now the world's richest man. Soared past friend and bridge partner Bill Gates as shares of Berkshire Hathaway (nyse: BRKA - news - people ) climbed 25% since the middle of last July. Son of Nebraska politician delivered newspapers as a boy. Filed first tax return at age 13, claiming $35 deduction for bicycle. Studied under value investing guru Benjamin Graham at Columbia. Took over textile firm Berkshire Hathaway 1965. Today holding company invested in insurance (Geico, General Re), jewelry (Borsheim's), utilities (MidAmerican Energy (other-otc: MDPWL.PK - news - people ) , food (Dairy Queen, See's Candies). Also has noncontrolling stakes in Anheuser-Busch (nyse: BUD - news - people ) Coca-Cola (nyse: KO - news - people ) Wells Fargo (nyse: WFC - news - people


Carlos Slim Helu
Net Worth: $60.0 billion
Fortune: self made
Second-richest man in the world this year; even richer than Microsoft's Bill Gates, at least for now, thanks to strong Mexican equities market and the performance of his wireless telephone company, America Movil (nyse: AMX - news - people ) The son of a Lebanese immigrant, Slim made his first fortune in 1990 when he bought fixed line operator Telefonos de Mexico (Telmex) in a privatization. In December, America Movil struck a deal with Yahoo (nasdaq: YHOO - news - people ) to provide mobile Web services to 16 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. A widower and father of six, Slim is a baseball fan and art collector. He keeps his art collection in Mexico City's Museo Soumaya, which he named after his late wife


BILL GATES
Net Worth: $58.0 billion
Fortune: self made
Harvard dropout and Microsoft visionary no longer the world's richest man. Blame Yahoo: Microsoft shares have fallen 15% since the company boldly attempted to merge with the search engine giant to better fight Google (nasdaq: GOOG - news - people ) for Internet dominance. Gates is preparing to give up day-to-day involvement in the company he cofounded 33 years ago to spend more time focused on his philanthropic endeavors. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation has $38.7 billion in assets, donates to causes aimed at bringing financial tools to the poor, speeding up the development of vaccines (for AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis), bettering America's lagging high schools
LAKSHMI MITTAL
Net Worth: $45.0 billion
Fortune: inherited and growing
Heads world's largest steelmaker, $105 billion (sales) ArcelorMittal, which accounts for 10% of all crude steel production. Just delivered 580 tons to be used in construction of the World Trade Center memorial in New York. With 44% stake, is the company's largest shareholder. Longtime resident of London is Europe's richest resident

MUKESH AMBANI
Net Worth: $43.0 billion
Fortune: inherited and growing
Asia's richest resident heads petrochemicals giant Reliance Industries, India's most valuable company by market cap. His fortune is up $22.9 billion since last year, making him the world's second biggest gainer in terms of dollars. The biggest gainer was his estranged brother Anil, who ranks 6th in the world just behind his older brother. The sons inherited their fortune from their late father, renowned industrialist Dhirubhai Amba

ANIL AMBANI
Net Worth: $42.0 billion
Fortune: inherited
The year's biggest gainer, Anil Ambani, is up $23.8 billion in the past year, and is closing gap with estranged brother, Mukesh, who ranks one spot ahead of him in the world at number five. The sons inherited their fortune from their late father, renowned industrialist Dhirubhai Ambani.. A marathon runner, his biggest asset is his 65% stake in telecom venture Reliance Communications. He recently raised $3 billion from the highly anticipated initial offering of his Reliance Power, the biggest in India's history

INQYAR KAMPRAD
Net Worth: $31.0 billion
Fortune: self made
Peddled matches, fish, pens, Christmas cards and other items by bicycle as a teenager. Started selling furniture in 1947. Now his company Ikea, which sells hip designs for the cost conscious, is one of the most beloved retailers in the world, with an almost cultlike following. Ikea now has stores in 40 countries, from Sunrise, Florida, to Guangzhou in China. As egalitarian as his brand, Kamprad avoids wearing suits, flies economy class and frequents cheap restaurants

KP SINGH
Net Worth: $30.0 billion
Fortune: inherited and growing
Singh is now the world's richest real estate baron after listing his real estate development company DLF in 2007. The offering helped triple his fortune to $30 billion this year, up from $10 billion. A former army officer, known as K.P., he joined his father-in-law's Delhi Land & Finance in 1961. Singh later built DLF City in Gurgaon, his showpiece township on the outskirts of Delhi, by acquiring land from farmers. Over time, he transformed it into one of India's biggest real estate developers

OLEQ DERIPASKA
Net Worth: $28.0 billion
Fortune: self made
Former metals trader survived the gangster wars in the post-Soviet aluminum industry. His holding company, Basic Element, now owns Russian Aluminum (UC Rusal), automobile manufacturer GAZ, aircraft manufacturer Aviacor and insurance company Ingosstrakh. In 2006 Rusal, SUAL and Glencore International, of Switzerland, merged their aluminum assets into the United Company Rusal, the world's largest aluminum producer. Married to a relative of Yeltsin, Deripaska has been busy expanding UC Rusal's activities in Russia and abroad

LI KA -SHING
Net Worth: $26.5 billion
Fortune: self made
Once a poor immigrant, Li got his start selling plastic flowers in Hong Kong in the 1950s. Now Hong Kong's richest person. His fortune is centered on conglomerates Cheung Kong (other-otc: CHEUY.PK - news - people ) and Hutchison Whampoa (other-otc: HUWHY.PK - news - people ) Through them, he is the world's largest operator of container terminals, world's largest health and beauty retailer, a major supplier of electricity to Hong Kong and a real estate developer. Hutchison Essar sold its stake in an Indian mobile business for $11 billion in 2007; the group still has other telecom interests. Li also has a $12 billion stake in Canadian oil company Husky Energy

MAC address changing procedures using windows

Every network interface card (NIC) has a unique MAC Address (Media Access Control address). This applies to all types of network cards, including Ethernet cards and WiFi cards. The MAC Address is a six-byte number or 12-digit hexadecimal number number that is used to uniquely identify a host on an Ethernet network.

An example of a MAC address is 1F-2E-3D-4C-5B-6A and it falls into the Layer 2 networking protocol of the OSI model. In today’s networks, a MAC address is converted to a Layer 3 protocol address, such as an IP address, by ARP, or Address Resolution Protocol. Read my post on how to find your MAC address if you don’t know it.

All MAC Addresses are hard-coded into a network card and can never be changed. However, you can change or spoof the MAC address in the operating system itself using a few simple tricks.

So why would you want to change your MAC address? Well there are many reasons for this, mostly related to bypassing some kind of MAC Address filter set on a router or firewall. Changing the MAC Address can help to get you past some type of network restriction by emulating an unrestricted MAC Address or to get access by spoofing a MAC address that is already authorized.

For example, a WiFi network may allow only authorized computers to connect to the network and filters based on MAC address. If you can sniff out a legitimate MAC Address, you can then spoof your MAC address and gain access to the WiFi network.

Another example is if you have an ISP that allows only a certain number of computers to connect to the Internet from your home. If you have more computers that need to connect, you can spoof the MAC address of an authorized computer and connect from a different computer.

You can change the MAC Address on your network card pretty easily following the steps below:

Step 1: Click on Start, then Control Panel, then Network Connections, and right-click on the network connection you want to change the MAC address for and select Properties. It will normally either be Local Area Connection or Wireless Network Connection.

local area connection

If you are using Windows Vista, you have to go to Control Panel, then Network and Internet, then Network and Sharing Center, and then Manage Network Connections.

Step 2: On the General tab, click the Configure button

configure network

Step 3: Now click on the Advanced tab and click on the “Locally Administered Address” property or the “Network Address” property.

locally administered address

By default, the “Not Present” value is selected. Go ahead and click on the Value radio button and enter in a new MAC address. The MAC address is a combination of 6 pairs of numbers and characters, i.e. 40-A2-D9-82-9F-F2. You should enter the MAC address without the dashes.

new mac address

You can check that the MAC address has been changed by going to the command prompt and typing in IPCONFIG /ALL. Go ahead and restart the computer in order for the changes to take effect.

This is the simplest way to change your MAC address in Windows. You can also do so via the registry, but it’s much more technical and probably not required by most people.

Source: kevin purdy

http://thepurdman.com/

Sunday, September 7, 2008

Cooliris (formerly piclens)- The Best Media Search Extension For Firefox 3

This firefox extension is the best video and image search tool. It changes your browser into a 3D wall. 3D interactive interface was amazing. I enjoy this extension more than other firefox extension. I can keep track of news, entertainment, sports etc. and its very very fast. Very interesting just type what you want to search and it displays all the images and all you have to do is to scroll the image wall in 3d and click the web link and there you are all the info of that particular image or video right in your screen. What i enjoyed most was its speed and clarity of image in high resolution making my searching more interesting.



Image source: cooliris.com

Cooliris also works in most of our favorite site, youtube, photobucket etc etc.

ou can download it HERE

Piclens youtube tutorial HERE.

Reviews HERE

"Para sa mga firefox user, I highly recommended ko to"

Friday, September 5, 2008

Google introduces Google Chrome

I have downloaded this new beta version of google chrome here and tried it my self for 2 days. Amazing browser design and very fast compared with firefox 3. I love the history tabs unlike in firefox wherein it was a dropdown history style. One feature i admired most is the incognito function because it you use this you don`t have to worry of your browsing history. No need to use history eraser or history cleaning after using your browser. Simply because pages you view in this window will not reflect to your browser history and search history. Goodbyes to cookies when you close incognito window except it retain your bookmarks. The bottom status bar and it`s loading pages fading effect amaze me.
Don`t know there is something missing in this chrome. Seem s for me i will return and stick to my mozilla firefox 3. Also there is no option for add ons, weird but understandable because "nasa" beta vesion pa to. Kaya Dont expect it to be flawless. I expect bugs and hanging but it works well for me. What i hate most its uses half of my phusical memory. But overall rating for this one for range of 1 to 10.. 6..its worth trying for. i`l just wait for the stable version.








For you to have an idea for those who haven`t try this one. See information below i have taken from wikepedia.com

Source: Wikepedia

Google Chrome is a free and open-source web browser developed by Google. The name is derived from the graphical user interface frame, or "chrome", of web browsers. Chromium is the name of the open source project behind Google Chrome, released under the BSD license.

A beta version for Microsoft Windows was released on 2 September 2008 in 43 languages. Mac OS X and Linux versions are under development.[3][4][5]

History

Announcement

The release announcement was originally scheduled for 3 September 2008, and a comic by Scott McCloud was to be sent to journalists and bloggers explaining the features of and motivations for the new browser. Copies intended for Europe were shipped early and German blogger Philipp Lenssen of Google Blogoscoped made a scanned copy of the 38-page comic available on his website after receiving it on 1 September 2008. Google subsequently made the comic available on Google Books and their site and mentioned it on its official blog along with an explanation for the early release.

First release

A beta version for Microsoft Windows was released on 2 September 2008 in 43 languages. Google said more would be coming soon.

On 3 September, a Slashdot news item drew attention to a passage in the terms of service for the initial beta release, which seemed to grant to Google a license to all content transferred via the Chrome browser. The passage in question was inherited from the general Google terms of service. The Register summarized the passage as "Your copyright goes up in smoke." On the same day, Google responded to this criticism by stating that the language used was borrowed from other products, and removed the passage in question from the Terms of Service. Google noted that this change would "apply retroactively to all users who have downloaded Google Chrome."

The first release of Google Chrome passed the Acid1 and Acid2 tests, but does not pass the Acid3 test; however, it scores 78/100, which is higher than both Internet Explorer 7 and Firefox 3.

Design

Primary design goals were improvements in security, speed and stability compared to existing browsers. There were also extensive changes in the user interface. Chrome was assembled from 26 different code libraries from Google and others from third parties such as Netscape

Security

Blacklists

Chrome periodically downloads updates of two blacklists (one for phishing and one for malware) and warns users when they attempt to visit a harmful site. This service is also made available for use by others via a free public API called "Google Safe Browsing API". In the process of maintaining these blacklists, Google also notifies the owners of listed sites who may not be aware of the presence of the harmful software.

Sandboxes

Each tab in Chrome is sandboxed into its own process to "prevent malware from installing itself" or "using what happens in one tab to affect what happens in another". Following the principle of least privilege, each process is stripped of its rights and can compute but can not write files or read from sensitive areas (e.g. documents, desktop)—this is similar to "Protected Mode" that is used by Internet Explorer 7 on Windows Vista. The Sandbox Team is said to have "taken this existing process boundary and made it into a jail"; for example malicious software running in one tab is unable to sniff credit card numbers, interact with the mouse or tell "Windows to run an executable on start-up" and will be terminated when the tab is closed. This enforces a simple computer security model whereby there are two levels of multilevel security (user and sandbox) and the sandbox can only respond to communication requests initiated by the user.

Plugins

Plugins such as Adobe Flash Player are typically not standardized and as such cannot be sandboxed like tabs. These often need to run at or above the security level of the browser itself. To reduce exposure to attack, plugins are run in separate processes that communicate with the renderer, itself operating at "very low privileges" in dedicated per-tab processes. Plugins will need to be modified to operate within this software architecture while following the principle of least privilege.

Chrome supports the Netscape Plugin Application Programming Interface (NPAPI), but does not support the embedding of ActiveX controls. Also, Chrome does not have an extension system such as Mozilla-compatible *.xpi cross-platform extension architecture and thus XPI-based extensions such as AdBlock and GreaseMonkey can not be adapted to Chrome.

Chrome does not support the Java Applets at this time.

Privacy

A private browsing feature called Incognito mode is provided as well. It prevents the browser from storing any history information or cookies from the websites visited. This is similar to the private browsing feature available in the latest beta version of Internet Explorer 8.

Speed

JavaScript

The JavaScript virtual machine was considered a sufficiently important project to be split off (like Adobe/Mozilla's Tamarin) and handled by a separate team in Denmark. Existing implementations were designed "for small programs, where the performance and interactivity of the system weren't that important" but web applications like Gmail "are using the web browser to the fullest when it comes to DOM manipulations and Javascript". The resulting V8 JavaScript engine has features such as hidden class transitions, dynamic code generation, and precise garbage collection.Tests by Google show that V8 is about twice as fast as Firefox 3 and the Safari 4 beta.

Several websites have performed benchmark tests using the Sunspider JavaScript Benchmark tool as well as Google's own set of computationally intense benchmarks, which includes ray tracing and constraint solving.[26] They unanimously report that it performs much faster than all competitors, including Safari, Firefox 3, Internet Explorer 7 and Internet Explorer 8.While Opera has not been compared to Chrome yet, in previous tests, it has been shown to perform a bit slower than Firefox 3, which in turn is slower than Chrome.Another blog post by a Mozilla developer comparing the Javascript engines in Firefox 3.1 & Chrome using the Sunspider test results states that some tests are faster in one engine and some are faster in the other.

Stability

Multiprocessing

The Gears team were considering a multithreaded browser (noting that a problem with existing web browser implementations was that they are inherently single-threaded) and Chrome implemented this concept with a multiprocessing architecture similar to the one developed by Opera in 1994[citation needed], or that was recently implemented by Internet Explorer 8. A separate process is allocated to each tab or plugin. This prevents tasks from interfering with each other, which is good for both security and stability; an attacker successfully gaining access to one application does not gain access to all, and failure in one application results in a Sad Tab screen of death, similar to the well-known Sad Mac. This strategy exacts a fixed per-process cost up front but results in less memory bloat overall as fragmentation is confined to each process and no longer results in further memory allocations.

Task Management

Chrome features a process management utility called the Task Manager which allows the user to "see what sites are using the most memory, downloading the most bytes and abusing [their] CPU" (as well as the plugins which run in separate processes) and terminate them.

Application support

A feature of the Google browser (in fact one of the main reasons it was created) is the Application Mode. This is a lot more than just hiding the omnibox (navigation bar). This allows web pages to break free of the restrictions of the current browser paradigm. The browser paradigm freely allows the user to reload a page, navigate away or close the window, which would is disastrous for an application that is editing sensitive content. Although this appears to be a minor change, the lack of this feature means that there is no mechanism to prevent the sudden loss of unsaved data (without a major investment in an far more complex AJAX architecture). Other features are still required such as desktop interaction, filetype support and database access. This limits the browser chrome so as not to "interrupt anything the user is trying to do", allowing web applications to run alongside local software (similar to Mozilla Prism and Fluid).

User interface

When Chrome is maximized, the title bar becomes hidden and instead, the tab bar is displayed at the top. Also, when the mouse is moved over a link, the URI of the link is displayed in a status bar at the bottom left. The status bar is otherwise invisible.

When Chrome is not maximized, the title bar is shown on top of the tab bar.

The main user interface includes back, forward, refresh, bookmark, go and cancel options. The options are similar to Safari, while the settings location is similar to Internet Explorer 7/8. The minimize, maximize and close window buttons are based on Windows Vista.

When the window is not maximized, the tab bar appears directly under the standard Windows title bar. When maximized, the title bar disappears and instead the tab bar is shown at the very top of the screen. Unlike other browsers such as Internet Explorer or Firefox which also have a full-screen mode that hides the operating system's interface completely, Chrome can only be maximized like a standard Windows applications. Therefore, the Windows task bar, system tray and start menu link still take space at all times unless they have been configured to always hide.

As opposed to the latest versions of Firefox and Internet Explorer which allow the user to adjust the display dimensions of a web page completely, Chrome allows the resizing of the text only. Therefore, a web page 800 pixels wide, for example, will still be 800 pixel wide even if the user resizes it. Only the text will be affected by the resizing.

Gears support

Chrome includes Gears which adds developer features that may or may not become web standards, typically relating to the building of web applications (including offline support).

New Tab Page

Chrome replaces the browser home page which is displayed when a new tab is created with a New Tab Page. This shows thumbnails of the nine most visited web sites along with the sites most often searched, recent bookmarks and recently closed tabs. This concept appeared first with Opera's Speed Dial.

Omnibox

The Omnibox is the URL box at the top of each tab, based on the one in Opera. It includes autocomplete functionality but will only autocomplete URLs that were manually entered (rather than all links), search suggestions, top pages (previously visited), popular pages (unvisited) and text search over history. Search engines can also be captured by the browser when used via the native user interface by pressing Tab.

Popups

Popup windows "are scoped to the tab they came from" and will not appear outside the tab unless the user explicitly drags them out. Popup windows do not run in their own process.

WebKit rendering engine

Chrome uses the WebKit rendering engine on advice from the Android team. Like most browsers, Chrome was extensively tested internally before release with unit testing, "automated user interface testing of scripted user actions" and fuzz testing, as well as WebKit's layout tests (99% of which Chrome is claimed to pass). New browser builds are automatically tested against tens of thousands of commonly accessed sites inside of the Google index within 20-30 minutes.

Tabs

Tabs are the primary component of Chrome's user interface and as such have been moved to the top of the window rather than below the controls (similar to Opera). This subtle change is in contrast to many existing tabbed browsers which are based on windows containing tabs. Tabs (including their state) can be seamlessly transferred between window containers by dragging. Each tab has its own set of controls, including the Omnibox URL box.

Status bar

By default, there is no status bar displayed unlike other browsers which display one at the bottom of the screen. However, when the mouse cursor is moved over a link, the address of the link is displayed at the bottom left of the screen.